nucleotides

Non-random vs random selection for receptor clonotypes

High frequency of shared clonotypes in human B cell receptor repertoires Reported as: Decoding the human immune system (2/13/19) The receptors randomly select and join gene segments, forming unique sequences of nucleotides known as receptor “clonotypes.” A nucleotide is composed of a five-carbon sugar, a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group. The unique sequences of Non-random vs random selection for receptor clonotypes

Light-activated error free DNA repair (2)

Summary: In the diagram and diatribes that accompany claims about de novo changes in electrons and the production of nucleotides, the amount of pseudoscientific nonsense becomes perfectly clear. Pseudoscientists start with energy-dependent changes but call the changes de novo changes in electrons. That allows the pseudoscientists to dismiss any facts about how the creation of Light-activated error free DNA repair (2)

From base editing to RNA editing (4)

Summary: To claim evolution, Koonin must link food energy from the pheromone-controlled physiology of reproduction to fixation of a beneficial mutation in the organized genome of one species that evolved into another species. Search Results for “base editing” = 82 blog posts starting with Cell-type differentiation on February 7, 2014 Search Results for “RNA editing” From base editing to RNA editing (4)

From base editing to RNA editing

Base Editing Now Able to Convert Adenine-Thymine to Guanine-Cytosine “Nature conveniently provides us with cytosine deaminase enzymes that operate on DNA,” Liu tells The Scientist. The creation of quantized energy in sunlight links energy as information from electrons to ecosystems via the physiology of reproduction in all living genera. The claim that “Nature” provides us From base editing to RNA editing

Energy-dependent hydrogen bonds in supercoiled DNA

Chirality Check Most biological macromolecules are homochiral, and enzymes help to maintain this state of affairs; for example, checkpoints ensure that only l-amino acids are incorporated into proteins during translation. The fixation of the only achiral amino acid, glycine in position 6 of the gonadotropin releasing hormone decapeptide protein links the nutrient energy-dependent pheromone-controlled physiology Energy-dependent hydrogen bonds in supercoiled DNA

RNA-mediated theory killers (3)

  Ghosts in the Genome How one generation’s experience can affect the next By Oliver J. Rando | December 1, 2015 My comment: “…epigenetic information carriers include covalent modifications to nucleotides and histones, providing a wide variety of mechanisms that enable organisms to transmit information extragenomically.” When this was placed into its proper perspective, it RNA-mediated theory killers (3)

Reverse phosphorylation

See for review: Let there be anti-entropic light (1)   Squid are hyper-editors when it comes to RNA This is a great summary of what is currently known about anti-entropic light and nutrient-dependent RNA-mediated pheromone-controlled cell type differentiation. Excerpt: “During RNA editing, specific enzymes alter nucleotides in mRNA transcripts so that the resulting protein differs Reverse phosphorylation