Human Pheromones Affect Women's Behavior
Association for Chemoreception Sciences 2011
Human Pheromones, Epigenetics, Physiology, and the Development of Animal Behavior
In eusocial insects like the honeybee, diet and pheromones are epigenetic determinants of virtually all aspects of each organism’s existence. The honeybee serves as a model organism for studying human immunity, disease resistance, allergic reactions, circadian rhythms, antibiotic resistance, development, mental health, longevity, and diseases of the X chromosome. Included among these different aspects of eusocial species survival are learning and memory as well as conditioned responses to sensory stimuli. Mammalian conditioning paradigms suggest that androstenol experientially conditions hormonal effects in females, which may be unconsciously associated with behavioral affects of androsterone in women. Androsterone smells like fresh sweat. It is an individual human male-specific and somewhat primate-specific component of axillary secretions that also contain androstenol, which influences levels of luteinizing hormone (LH) and mood in women. LH is a measure of diet-dependent sexual maturity and fertility, which is influenced by mammalian pheromones. We evaluated individual video-taped fifteen-minute interactions of fourteen women with ovulatory phase levels of LH during a cooperative task. During the task, our male accomplice wore either a standardized androstenol / androsterone mixture diluted in propylene glycol, or just the diluent — with sandalwood odor added to keep him blind to his condition. When he was wearing the mixture compared to when he wore the diluent, women were more likely to make eye contact with him (t(12) = 3.43, p = .01; IRR: r = .964, p = .01). They also laughed more during the interaction (t(12) = 5.20, p <.01; IRR: r = .810, p = .01) and they rated themselves as being more attracted to him (t(12) = 2.786, p = .016). Our results combine the known effects of androstenol on LH and on mood in women with behavioral affects we attribute to androsterone. They also extend to human females the eusocial insect model for epigenetic effects of diet and pheromones on hormone-mediated gene expression during behavioral development. Our disclosed mixture better characterizes species-specific human pheromones; their life-long effect on physiology, and their affect on behavior with no need to change the 1959 definition of pheromones or to alter the concept of human pheromones first detailed in 1995. Epigenetic effects help to dispel the psychological construct that the pheromones of any species from insects to mammals uniquely determine genetically predisposed social context-dependent endocrine responses or behavior in an invariant way.
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Theory versus biological facts: Mental modules and models for behavior
2 MIN READ
0
Ethics, aphrodisiacs, and pheromones
< 1 MIN READ
0
Digit ratio does not predict attractiveness of body odor
< 1 MIN READ
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An organizing principle for our sense of smell
< 1 MIN READ
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Epigenetics of food odors, nutrition, and pheromones
< 1 MIN READ
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How pheromones work (in 57 words or more)
< 1 MIN READ
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Pheromones and falling in love (circa 1974)
< 1 MIN READ
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Trust the science. Don’t trust the hype
2 MIN READ
0
Men and women who stare at goats…
2 MIN READ
0
The Sex Lives of Insects: Part III
3 MIN READ
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The Sex Lives of Insects (Part II)
3 MIN READ
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The Sex Lives of Insects
< 1 MIN READ
0
The epigenetics of food choice and mate choice
< 1 MIN READ
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Pheromones and detectable odors
2 MIN READ
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Pheromone-enhanced behavior in sexually inexperienced females
2 MIN READ
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The “yuck” factor: aversion to social odors?
2 MIN READ
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Avian ‘Axe effect’ attracts attention of females and males
2 MIN READ
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The Mind’s Eyes: Mindful modeling of brain directed behavior
2 MIN READ
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Study results: Human pheromones affect women’s behavior
< 1 MIN READ
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Human Pheromones and the Biology of Behavior
5 MIN READ
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Human pheromones: social odors and food odors
< 1 MIN READ
0
Honeybees, food odors, and perfume
< 1 MIN READ
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Sniffing out your nightlife / Pheromone-infused nightclubs
< 1 MIN READ
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Erox rises from the ashes
< 1 MIN READ
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Avian recognition of human faces
< 1 MIN READ
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A lesser role for olfaction and pheromones in humans?
1 MIN READ
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Creating a Myth
< 1 MIN READ
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Study results: Human pheromones influence human behavior
2 MIN READ
0
Pheromones in birds, other mammals, and us
< 1 MIN READ
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The great pheromone myth revisited (including biological factors in the development of sexuality)
4 MIN READ
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The great pheromone myth revisited (including biological factors in the development of sexuality)
4 MIN READ
0
Social selection: genetic contribution of viruses to life on earth
< 1 MIN READ
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Dogs and humans: Then and now
< 1 MIN READ
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Wikipedia comments by James V. Kohl
5 MIN READ
0
Excellent new book about pheromones
< 1 MIN READ
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Study design| Psychophysics experiment | Perspective on conditioning
< 1 MIN READ
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Adrenarche and odor preferences
2 MIN READ
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For ethologists: Observation does not trump molecular biology
2 MIN READ
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Human Pheromones and The Philosophy of Science
2 MIN READ
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Natural scent of women linked to increased testosterone and seduction
< 1 MIN READ
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Genes, Hormones, and Behavior (for other scientists)
4 MIN READ
0
Too many good-smelling males is not good
< 1 MIN READ
0
Love at first sight: Selective breeding, pheromones, and Divine intervention
3 MIN READ
0
A fundamental attribution error: Love at first sight
3 MIN READ
0
Human Pheromones
< 1 MIN READ
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Pheromones and olfaction in the birds and the bees: from yeasts to you
2 MIN READ
0
Debunking the myth of pheromones
< 1 MIN READ
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Human pheromones in tears automagically effect testosterone
2 MIN READ
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Tears and fears of pheromones
2 MIN READ
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Exotic Pheromones and Concentrates
2 MIN READ
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Marketing vs. the truth about human pheromones
2 MIN READ
0
Dialogue on pheromones: Avery Gilbert / James V. Kohl
2 MIN READ
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Mammalian pheromones are not a myth
3 MIN READ
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Study Results: Human pheromones increase flirtatious behavior and ratings of attraction
2 MIN READ
0
Epigenetics, science fiction, and scientific fact
2 MIN READ
0
Results: increased flirtatious behavior and self-reported attraction
2 MIN READ
0
Is it what he or she sees in you, or is it your pheromones?
2 MIN READ
0
Product comparisons and human pheromone sciences
3 MIN READ
0
Conditioning of the human pair bond by human pheromones
< 1 MIN READ
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Human pheromones work by effecting hormones that affect behavior
2 MIN READ
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Conditioned sexual arousal to odor
2 MIN READ
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Scent signals
< 1 MIN READ
0
Pheromones and signature mixtures
2 MIN READ
0
Comparative biology of pheromonal communication
< 1 MIN READ
1
Scent of Eros pheromone-enhanced fragrance products
2 MIN READ
0
Food preferences and mate preferences
< 1 MIN READ
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Presentation on Human Pheromones delivered on August 3, 2010
2 MIN READ
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American and Canadian Mensa Presentation
< 1 MIN READ
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Sold on the human VNO?
< 1 MIN READ
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Effects of pheromones attributed to touch (in mice)
< 1 MIN READ
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How pheromones work by James V. Kohl
2 MIN READ
0
Pheromones of pregnant women effect prolactin in men
< 1 MIN READ
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Another book author's comment on "The Great Pheromone Myth"
< 1 MIN READ
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The Great Pheromone Myth (opinion/review)
19 MIN READ
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Welcome to Pheromones.com
< 1 MIN READ
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An attempt to change the concept
< 1 MIN READ
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Scent of a woman: Men’s Testosterone Responses to Women's Scent
< 1 MIN READ
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Earlier evidence: pheromones influence testosterone in men
< 1 MIN READ
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Luteinizing hormone, sex, and smell (18 years later)
2 MIN READ
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