Pheromones, Reciprocity, and Prosocial Behavior
“Research shows reciprocity an important component of prosocial behavior.” September 3rd, 2012.
Excerpt: “…that the capuchins responded similarly to in-group and out-group partners has implications for the commonly held view that humans are unique in their ability to cooperate with strangers,” de Waal explained.”
My comment:
The literature on prosocial behavior can be succinctly summarized. Simply put, the required reciprocity is that of the evolved gene, cell, tissue, organ, organ system pathway in vertebrates. This organized pathway allows nutrient chemicals and social odors (called pheromones) to activate it. In this context, organization equals genetically predisposed nature and activation equals nurture that involves sensory stimuli from the environment, which epigenetically effect genetically predisposed behaviors (see for review Kohl ,2012).
In my review, the epigenetic effects of nutrient chemicals and pheromones are conserved across species from microbes to man. They enable adaptive evolution via ecological, social, neurogenic, and socio-cognitive niche construction. Adaptive evolution requires conservation of molecular biology as everyone knows; the molecular biology of life does not change from one species to the next. That’s why, in primate species, we see the same reciprocity as is seen in the molecular mechanisms for nutrient acquisition and pheromone-controlled species survival in every other species.
For example, conspecifics in the social niche exhibit prosocial and antisocial behaviors that help to enable nutrient acquisition. Antisocial behavior may include ingestion of heterospecifics to facilitate species survival in ‘hard’ times when the decline of prosocial behaviors may even lead to cannibalism as part of the continuum of evolved prosocial and antisocial behaviors that led to primate prosociality.
“The concept that is extended is the epigenetic tweaking of immense gene networks in ‘superorganisms’ (Lockett, Kucharski, & Maleszka, 2012) that ‘solve problems through the exchange and the selective cancellation and modification of signals (Bear, 2004, p. 330)’. It is now clearer how an environmental drive probably evolved from that of food ingestion in unicellular organisms to that of socialization in insects. It is also clear that, in mammals, food odors and pheromones cause changes in hormones such as LH, which has developmental affects on sexual behavior in nutrient-dependent, reproductively fit individuals across species of vertebrates.”
The key to this concept is the conservation of the GnRH molecule across 400 million years of vertebrate evolution from its origins as the yeast alpha-mating pheromone at the advent of sexual reproduction in unicellular organisms. That “key” is also why it is important for proponents of random mutations theory to attempt to explain-away both the conservation of the GnRH ligand and the diversification of its receptor, which underlies self / non-self recognition that is due to primate neuroimmune system evolution as well as the evolution of the primate neuroendocrine system, which is responsible for nutrient-dependent sexual reproduction.
I have not seen anything that suggests how random mutations could lead to the apparent design in biology of an evolved gene, cell, tissue, organ, organ system pathway. Similarly, no evidence suggests that random mutations link sensory input to transgenerational epigenetic inheritance and effects on vertebrate neuroendocrine and neuroimmune systems via adaptive evolution of ecological, social , neurogenic, and socio-cognitive niche construction.
There is, however, evidence that group selection in microbes is dependent on circumstances in which one species ingests the other. This leads to the advent of multicellularity and increased ability of the newly evolved multicellular organism to ingest more nutrients (supplied through additional ingestion of the other species).
In this context, the survival of both species depends on their nutrient-dependent production of pheromones that enable quorum sensing. The pheromones of the species that is eaten signal the species that eats it. The signal indicates that there are a sufficient number to be eaten so that the heterospecific organism does not exhaust its food supply, which might lead to extinction. The pheromones of the heterospecific multicellular organism also regulate its nutrient-dependent reproduction.
Microbes use quorum sensing to help ensure they do not reproduce beyond the availability of nutrient chemicals to sustain colony growth. Quorum sensing may occur in two species that share the same ecological niche. At the advent of mulicellularity, the pheromones of both species control how many of one species are ingested by the other. That’s how nutrient chemicals and pheromones have established the evolutionary origin of multicellularity and of group selection. The evidence for group selection via nutrient-chemical metabolism to pheromones also is found in ants, and the pheromones are important to speciation in bees.
The moderator of the human ethology yahoo group, Jay Feierman, was the only person to ever ask me the question “What about birds.” Recently, he told the group: “You can’t model altruism and cooperation among non-relatives by inclusive fitness theory (kin-selection theory).”
My response is that the behavioral development of the birds and the bees must be modeled using ethological facts (not inclusive fitness theory or any other theory). I’ve detailed the ethological facts in a series of published works that refute some well-established, but factually baseless, theories.
There are many species that cooperate with non-relatives and relatives alike, so that they can share a particular ecological niche. Cooperation, like altruism, is based on species-specific pheromones that also signal fitness and kinship, which means that olfaction and the evolution of odor receptors can be used to model altruism and cooperation across species using the same molecular mechanisms of reciprocity that I have detailed.
Want more on the same topic?
Swipe/Drag Left and Right To Browse Related Posts:
Epistemic corruption (6)
4 MIN READ
0
RNAi 2002 to AI 2021 (9)
2 MIN READ
0
Orchestrated death: Aeon
2 MIN READ
0
Natural selection for adaptation (8)
4 MIN READ
0
microRNA-mediated election cycles (4)
4 MIN READ
0
Quantum Darwinism (3)
3 MIN READ
0
Creationism, Communism and Corruption (2)
2 MIN READ
0
Creationism, Communism and Corruption (1)
2 MIN READ
0
Protonated RNA interference vs stupid theories (4)
< 1 MIN READ
0
Coherently organized healthy longevity (4)
2 MIN READ
0
pH-dependent viral latency (4)
3 MIN READ
0
Magic traits vs biophysical constraints (1)
3 MIN READ
0
#SFN2019 to 2012: Hiding the facts (2)
6 MIN READ
0
Patented Creation vs Evolution of Disease (8)
3 MIN READ
0
Trans-kingdom RNA interactions (3)
3 MIN READ
0
Brokered regulatory leverage: Breaking Bad (2)
7 MIN READ
0
The tipping point (revisited): 90K (1)
4 MIN READ
0
Bastardized health care (7)
3 MIN READ
0
Abiogenesis vs microRNA biogenesis (3)
3 MIN READ
0
Abiogenesis vs microRNA Biogenesis (1)
3 MIN READ
0
The eternal significance of microRNA biogenesis (3)
3 MIN READ
0
Systems biology vs pseudoscientific nonsense
4 MIN READ
0
Ecological adaptation vs neo-Darwinian nonsense (1)
2 MIN READ
0
The tipping point (revisited): 82,000 publications (4)
4 MIN READ
0
Viral latency vs deadly paleoanthropology (1)
4 MIN READ
0
Light and life at base pair resolution (4)
4 MIN READ
0
Michael Bloomberg for President (NOT) in 2020
2 MIN READ
0
Creation vs evolution of ribonucleotide removal strategies (2)
2 MIN READ
0
Quantized energy-dependent mTORC1 and autophagy
3 MIN READ
0
Biologically uninformed science idiot: Self-defense (2)
3 MIN READ
0
The tipping point (revisited): 73,000 publications
5 MIN READ
0
The eternal significance of microRNAs (10)
5 MIN READ
0
The eternal significance of microRNAs (8)
2 MIN READ
0
Environmental selection is natural selection (2)
2 MIN READ
0
Part 3: Light-controlled cell biology (revisited)
3 MIN READ
0
Conceptual critique: Innateness vs the death gene (1)
5 MIN READ
0
A reversible TCA cycle in a thermophile (3)
4 MIN READ
0
Anti-entropic sunlight: Schrödinger’s Creationist Secret? (4)
8 MIN READ
0
The MicroRNAome Strikes Back: A Sokalian hoax (1)
4 MIN READ
0
The tipping point (revisted): 69,000 publications
4 MIN READ
0
Autophagy is the antiphage defense strategy (2)
4 MIN READ
0
Elsevier fails to support the concept of autophagy
4 MIN READ
0
From Autophagy.pro (transitions)
4 MIN READ
0
Mouse morphs and primate diversity in 50 years
7 MIN READ
0
Reporting new scientific truths is not allowed in the USA (2)
6 MIN READ
0
Light-activated error-free DNA repair (4)
3 MIN READ
0
From base editing to RNA editing (2)
7 MIN READ
0
Energy-dependent structure and function: Until death (5)
4 MIN READ
0
Evolution outside the context of “the light of evolution”
6 MIN READ
0
Automagical protein creation sans energy
9 MIN READ
0
Evolutionary congruence (losers) vs ecological adaptation (winners)
3 MIN READ
0
Energy-dependent physical and biophysical constraints (7)
2 MIN READ
0
Milk-derived miRNAs, circulating microRNAs, DNA repair, and embryonic viability
2 MIN READ
0
Energy-dependent epigenetic translation to mRNA stability (3)
5 MIN READ
0
Ab initio cell wall invention, emergence, and evolution (2)
8 MIN READ
0
Physicists: Desperate Acts (revisited)
6 MIN READ
0
Dobzhansky 1973 and precision medicine (5)
3 MIN READ
0
Energy-dependent hydrogen bonds in supercoiled DNA
7 MIN READ
0
Expunging the distinguished public
2 MIN READ
0
Energy-dependent de novo creation and neurogenesis
7 MIN READ
0
Epigenetics and autophagy vs mutations and evolution (3)
< 1 MIN READ
0
Epigenetics and autophagy vs mutations and evolution (2)
2 MIN READ
0
From Precis to Proof in 6000 years (2)
5 MIN READ
0
Coulombic interactions facilitate polycombic adaptation
5 MIN READ
0
Light ‘drives’ adaptation; nothing ‘drives’ evolution (2)
3 MIN READ
0
Demoncrats fight polycombic ecological adaptation
4 MIN READ
0
Hypothesis free pseudoscience vs facts (5)
6 MIN READ
0
Hydrogen-atom energy in DNA base pairs
6 MIN READ
0
Energy-dependent cellular communication
3 MIN READ
0
Anthetical conclusions
3 MIN READ
0
Co-evolution and co-speciation replace neo-Darwinian nonsense
4 MIN READ
0
Biophysically constrained cell type differentiation
3 MIN READ
0
Biophotonics, glycobiology, quantized biodiversity (2)
19 MIN READ
0
MicroRNAs and sexual orientation
8 MIN READ
0
RNA methylation
2 MIN READ
0
The Mind’s Eyes (revisited)
10 MIN READ
0
Cracking the Olfactory Code?
5 MIN READ
0
Modelling life scientifically: RNA-mediated events
12 MIN READ
0
Energy-dependent RNA methylation (6)
9 MIN READ
0
RNA-mediated physics, chemistry, and molecular epigenetics (4)
5 MIN READ
0
RNA-mediated physics, chemistry, and molecular epigenetics (3)
5 MIN READ
0
Wasted Templeton Funding (2)
2 MIN READ
0
Magic, Miracle, or Molecular Mechanism?
10 MIN READ
0
Confusing effects and affects of visual input
2 MIN READ
0
Selective reporting of inferences: examples of pseudoscience
14 MIN READ
0
Juvenile hormone links atoms to ecosystems
3 MIN READ
0
RNA-mediated everything
4 MIN READ
0
Theorists can’t understand biology
6 MIN READ
0
The virome, microbiome, replisome and supercoiled DNA
2 MIN READ
0
Skip the politics; embrace the facts
5 MIN READ
0
700 million years of evolution?
5 MIN READ
0
Foundamentals of theory
4 MIN READ
0
Is mainstream science in “Science” pseudoscience?
5 MIN READ
0
Theorists have not seen the light
4 MIN READ
0
“New” quantum biology. Pirating the old
3 MIN READ
0
Creating genes and species
3 MIN READ
0
Thermotolerance and Longevity
57 MIN READ
0
The “great filter” is an epigenetic trap
4 MIN READ
0
Information and communication (2)
6 MIN READ
0
Viruses, amino acids, and somatic cell types (2)
5 MIN READ
0
Becoming biologically informed (3)
3 MIN READ
0
Riding the wrong direction
3 MIN READ
0
“New” epigenetic mechanism for lifelong learning?
3 MIN READ
0
Unconscious affect (revisited)
2 MIN READ
0
Uniquely epigenomic gene regulation
2 MIN READ
0
Ignoring top-down causation
2 MIN READ
0
Alternative splicings: epigenetics meets pharmacogenomics
4 MIN READ
0
Epigenetic regulation of aging by glycine and GnRH
5 MIN READ
0
Pattern recognition: biogeochemical structure and function
5 MIN READ
0
Viruses and the human-like microbiome
3 MIN READ
0
Informing the biologically uninformed
< 1 MIN READ
0
Appetite for ingesting theories (raw)
< 1 MIN READ
0
Batch effect vs epigenetic effects
3 MIN READ
0
Bee-birthed epigenetics and primate cell types
5 MIN READ
0
Ignoring systems complexity (it’s too complicated)
3 MIN READ
0
Computing via phosphorylation and fixation
3 MIN READ
0
Virus-driven cancer treatment and prevention
2 MIN READ
0
A special issue on nutritional epigenetics
5 MIN READ
0
Retinoic acid + one receptor regulate the genome
3 MIN READ
0
Epigenetics: microRNAs effect an integrative pathway
4 MIN READ
0
Tissue type variation and expression of genes
< 1 MIN READ
0
Thermodynamics and protein folding landscapes
2 MIN READ
0
Nutrient-dependent RNA interference
4 MIN READ
0
Methylation maintains cell type differences
3 MIN READ
0
Viruses and ecologically adapted animals
2 MIN READ
0
Quantum correlations/pseudoscience
3 MIN READ
0
Virus-driven origin of life
2 MIN READ
0
RNA-directed gene choice
5 MIN READ
0
RNA directed DNA methylation and cell types
4 MIN READ
0
Reverse phosphorylation
7 MIN READ
0
Nutritional epigenetics, exercise, and immune system integrity
4 MIN READ
0
The biologically-based origin of the mammalian placenta (2)
6 MIN READ
0
ISHE's human ethology group
2 MIN READ
0
From Hydra to humans vs a Lakatosian research program
4 MIN READ
0
The future of physics predicts no future for evolutionary theory
3 MIN READ
0
Model organisms: the birds and the bees
3 MIN READ
0
Glycine and GnRH: Am I being pedantic?
4 MIN READ
0
Dual genomes: exposing the evolution industry
5 MIN READ
0
Meaningful dialogue, anonymous fools and idiot minions
4 MIN READ
0
RNA-mediated events and "The Theory of Everything"
4 MIN READ
0
Sackler Colloquium: Effects or AFFECTS on Behavior
2 MIN READ
0
The key to science: experimental evidence
5 MIN READ
0
There’s a model for that!
5 MIN READ
0
Biologists puzzled by evolved RNAs and decaying DNA
6 MIN READ
0
More than a bag of chemicals?
2 MIN READ
0
Nothing new under the sun, except pseudoscientific nonsense
6 MIN READ
0
Intelligent viruses and cancers?
10 MIN READ
0
De novo DNA methylation?
3 MIN READ
0
Sexual differentiation of cell types in plants
2 MIN READ
0
A model of MHC 'evolution'
2 MIN READ
0
ALPHA GENOMIX
7 MIN READ
2
Nutrient-dependent gene duplication in plants (but not animals?)
4 MIN READ
0
No understanding of biodiversity
2 MIN READ
0
Understanding physical forces of ecological variation and adaptation
< 1 MIN READ
0
Eliminating evolutionary theory
3 MIN READ
0
2014 and 2004 Nobel Prize in Medicine
3 MIN READ
0
RNA-mediated genetic engineering (Part 3)
< 1 MIN READ
0
Forces of "Nature" limit dissemination of information
4 MIN READ
0
Systems biology and memory disorders
3 MIN READ
0
Physics, Chemistry, and Molecular biology (PCMb)
2 MIN READ
0
RNA-directed DNA methylation and RNA-mediated events
5 MIN READ
1
Memory of repression and memory of behavior (2)
< 1 MIN READ
0
Memory of repression and memory of behavior
2 MIN READ
0
Behavior (3): All responses are RNA-mediated in bees
3 MIN READ
0
Behavior (2): All responses are RNA-mediated not genetically-determined
4 MIN READ
0
Behavior: The first response is RNA-mediated not genetically-determined
3 MIN READ
0
Evolutionary heritage or ecological adaptation? Racism versus reality
4 MIN READ
0
Comparing divergent model organisms
2 MIN READ
1
A microRNA-mediated mechanism that is epigenetically inherited
2 MIN READ
0
Epimutations: Attacking pseudoscientific dogmas
4 MIN READ
0
Order and disorder: Ecological adaptations not mutations
6 MIN READ
0
microRNAs differentiate neuronal cell types
3 MIN READ
0
Drunks and Monkeys: Pseudoscientific nonsense
2 MIN READ
0
Soft atheism: a case for Creation
< 1 MIN READ
0
Nutrition, pheromones and cancer (2)
2 MIN READ
0
Ecologically linked adapted ants and brains
2 MIN READ
0
MiRNAs methylation and ecological adaptation sans mutations
2 MIN READ
0
96 fixed amino acid substitutions, not 96 genes
6 MIN READ
0
Social experiences epigenetically effect gene networks
2 MIN READ
0
Pheromone-controlled thermodynamics and cancer
2 MIN READ
0
Your comment is awaiting moderation
2 MIN READ
0
Functional coding variants are not mutations
2 MIN READ
0
Mirror neurons and microRNA: theory vs biological facts
4 MIN READ
0
Understanding the role of mutations and evolution
4 MIN READ
0
Evolution: innovations may have non-adaptive origins (sans mutations)
2 MIN READ
0
Pheromones and cancer
4 MIN READ
0
Are pheromones responsible for human body odour assessment?
2 MIN READ
0
Understanding evolution, adaptation, and phenotype
2 MIN READ
0
Nutrient-dependent / pheromone-controlled social structure
2 MIN READ
0
Random mutations: nothing adaptive in 3 billion years
< 1 MIN READ
0
Hormones effect sensitivity to androsterone
2 MIN READ
0
A flawed model: no tripartate synapse in the adult brain
3 MIN READ
0
Evolved development of olfactory systems
2 MIN READ
0
A “new” view of evolution sans mutations
< 1 MIN READ
0
Epigenetics and metabolism converge with pheromone production
2 MIN READ
0
Behavioral epigenetics in ecological context
2 MIN READ
0
Darwin was wrong
2 MIN READ
0
Epigenetic maintenance of transcription / neuronal migration
2 MIN READ
0
Epigenetics and evolutionary success
< 1 MIN READ
0
Non-random evolution of a “molecular handshake”
2 MIN READ
0
Adaptive evolution: Genetic selection against some disorders
3 MIN READ
0
Thinking about what we know (or not)
2 MIN READ
0
A mathematical model of phenotypic cause, effects on genes, and affects on behavior
2 MIN READ
0
Functional vomeronasal receptor genes in primates?
2 MIN READ
0
Non random adaptive evolution
< 1 MIN READ
0
Random mutations theory and pervasive mosaic evolution (the brain)
2 MIN READ
0
Epigenetic effects underlie sexual preferences II
3 MIN READ
0
Fish Odor Syndrome
< 1 MIN READ
0
Random mutations theory and pervasive mosaic evolution (the body)
2 MIN READ
0
Is there a model for that?
3 MIN READ
0
One of the clearest examples of epigenetic effects
< 1 MIN READ
0
Pheromone-induced learning: a NEW model?
2 MIN READ
0
Epigenetic effects underlie sexual preferences (duh, and food preferences)
2 MIN READ
0
Epigenetic effects on chromatin and regulatation of gene expression (in Archaea?)
2 MIN READ
0
The genetics myth meets the great pheromone myth
2 MIN READ
0
A key mutational event? More story-telling. Olfaction modulates vision.
4 MIN READ
0
A key mutational event? That’s not very likely.
3 MIN READ
0
Mutated genes and accidental intelligence?
< 1 MIN READ
0
Desmond Morris Syndrome: No selective advantage
2 MIN READ
0
Olfactory modulation of visual perception
2 MIN READ
0
Genetic Influences on Epigenetically Effected Disease
2 MIN READ
0
Why we love: Helen Fisher
< 1 MIN READ
0
Disorders of development: altered microRNA / messenger RNA balance
< 1 MIN READ
0
Eat like a monkey; act like a monkey
2 MIN READ
0
Do molecular mechanisms vary across species?
2 MIN READ
0
Human Pheromones: Epigenetic Effects on Hormones and Their Affects on Behavior
3 MIN READ
0
Forum discussions: the most complained about member (866 words)
3 MIN READ
0
Creation vs Evolution: Expression of a newly found gene
2 MIN READ
0
Epistasis: Epigenetic effects of nutrient chemicals and their metabolism to pheromones
< 1 MIN READ
0
Sex differences in Alzheimer's and everything else
2 MIN READ
0
Sex differences in Alzheimer’s and everything else
2 MIN READ
0
Are human pheromones chemosignals?
2 MIN READ
0
The logic of gene regulatory networks
3 MIN READ
0
Human Pheromones: Epigenetic Effects of Odors and Their Affects on Behavior
2 MIN READ
0
Creating new genes (and controlling diversity)
2 MIN READ
0
How Species Diversify
2 MIN READ
0
Waiting “forever” for something to happen for the “first” time
2 MIN READ
0
The end of random mutations theory
2 MIN READ
0
Epigenetic effects of viruses on cellular homeostasis
< 1 MIN READ
0
The same neural mechanisms are at work in worms and humans
2 MIN READ
0
Diet epigenetically effects development of the primate brain
< 1 MIN READ
0
A “new” form of natural selection?
2 MIN READ
0
Human pheromones determine our social behavior (REJECTED)
3 MIN READ
0
Human pheromones: epigenetic effects
< 1 MIN READ
0
Human pheromones: another attempt to change the concept
3 MIN READ
0
Human pheromones and the fusiform fooled you area for face recognition
3 MIN READ
0
The Missing Transgenerational Epigenetic Links
2 MIN READ
0
Society for Social Neuroscience Presentation scheduled 10/11/12
2 MIN READ
0
Epigenetic effects on stochastic gene expression and evolutionary psychology
2 MIN READ
0
The Ghost in Your Genes – BBC Horizon
< 1 MIN READ
0
Embracing galaxy-wide, cellular, and brain complexity
2 MIN READ
0
“Just-So” stories vs scientific explanations
2 MIN READ
0
Adaptive evolution or not: cone receptors in the eye vs odor receptors
2 MIN READ
0
Insect to human cognition
2 MIN READ
0
More complicated than 1-2-3
2 MIN READ
0
Docosahexaenoic acid vs. creative use of mutations in natural selection
3 MIN READ
0
What to do with research results: Warning!
2 MIN READ
0
Mischaracterizations of adaptive evolution by psychologists and biologists
2 MIN READ
0
Did we descend from lottery winners (Part 2)
2 MIN READ
0
Did we descend from lottery winners or due to adaptive evolution
2 MIN READ
0
Human pheromones and the epigenetic effects of isolation
2 MIN READ
0
Transgenerational epigenetic inheritance of sexual orientation
2 MIN READ
0
Unconscious affects on incalculable genomic interactions
3 MIN READ
0
Natural selection and the behavior of whole organisms
< 1 MIN READ
0
Natural selection: New insights are unlikely
< 1 MIN READ
0
Natural Selection and the Complexity of the Genome
2 MIN READ
0
ENCODE: extant vs extinct species and a clash of world views
4 MIN READ
0
Human pheromones: an epigenetic continuum from microbes to mammals
3 MIN READ
0
Biological facts constrain proponents of random mutations theory
2 MIN READ
0
Is the language of God the god problem? (1530 words)
6 MIN READ
0
Envisioning, hindsight bias, plagiarism, or cheating
3 MIN READ
0
The Epigenetics of Drug Development and Cholesterol Levels
< 1 MIN READ
0
Woefully ignorant politicians and popular science
2 MIN READ
0
Human pheromones, nutrition, DNA, epigenetics (2)
2 MIN READ
0
Pheromones and multicellularity
< 1 MIN READ
0
Epigenetic alterations due to stress
< 1 MIN READ
0
Epigenetic effects on the evolution of behavior
2 MIN READ
0
Human pheromones and diet-mediated life-extension
< 1 MIN READ
0
Copulins: Human pheromones effect physiology and affect social behavior
2 MIN READ
0
Human pheromones and the definition of life
2 MIN READ
0
Chemical signaling may shed light on how the brain reacts to its environment
2 MIN READ
0
Children’s healthy diets lead to healthier IQ
< 1 MIN READ
0
More bird-brained behavior
2 MIN READ
0
Transgenerational epigenetic inheritance via nutrient chemicals
1 MIN READ
0
Human pheromones and IQ via neurogenic and socio-cognitive niche construction
2 MIN READ
0
Human pheromones, nutrition, DNA, epigenetics
2 MIN READ
0
Human Pheromones: Diversity of signaling pathways and a common response
< 1 MIN READ
0
Human pheromones in business strategy
< 1 MIN READ
0
Is oxygen required for sensing nutrient chemicals and pheromones?
2 MIN READ
0
Flies Evolve to Count (not)
< 1 MIN READ
0
Human pheromones and altruism
3 MIN READ
0
Human Pheromones and Multi-level selection
< 1 MIN READ
0
Nutrient mixture and memory in patients with early Alzheimer’s
< 1 MIN READ
0
Human pheromones and inner conflict about evolution (1102 words)
4 MIN READ
0
Receptor-mediated biological cause and effect
2 MIN READ
0
Where is the love?
3 MIN READ
0
A detailed model of physical reality and natural selection (722 words)
3 MIN READ
0
Hacking the Genome
< 1 MIN READ
0
Human Pheromones and Comparative Epigenomics
2 MIN READ
0
Aging Is Recorded in Our Genes
2 MIN READ
0
ecological social neurogenic niche
2 MIN READ
0
Smelling the difference between young and old
< 1 MIN READ
0
Human pheromones and the visual appeal of other people (Part Four)
3 MIN READ
0
A thought experiment
3 MIN READ
0
Bickering theorists: opinions about selfish genes and group selection
2 MIN READ
1
Human pheromones: Olfaction, odor receptors, learning, memory, mood, brains and behavior
< 1 MIN READ
0
A nutrient chemical and pheromone-dependent neurogenic niche
2 MIN READ
0
Passing On Stress
2 MIN READ
0
Human pheromone- and nutrient-dependent brain development and behavior
2 MIN READ
0
Human pheromones and the visual appeal of other people (Part Three)
2 MIN READ
0
Human pheromones and the visual appeal of other people (Part Two)
2 MIN READ
0
Human pheromones and the visual appeal of other people (Part one)
2 MIN READ
0
Human pheromones and brain development
2 MIN READ
0
Human Pheromones: The smell of the scientific universe expanding
< 1 MIN READ
0
Human Pheromones and Consilience
2 MIN READ
0
More than speculation: adaptive evolution in species from microbes to man
2 MIN READ
0
Pattern recognition: How rational is that?
2 MIN READ
0
Pre-existing genetic variability or random mutations: a matter of priorities and choices
2 MIN READ
0
Human Pheromones and Common Scents: Plants and Perfume
< 1 MIN READ
0
Adam’s rib: Pheromones and the adaptive evolution of human sexuality
2 MIN READ
0
Creation vs Evolution? Pre-existing genetic variation, not random mutation
2 MIN READ
0
Human pheromones and your immune system
< 1 MIN READ
0
People select specific fragrances that suit their individual body odor
< 1 MIN READ
0
Human Pheromones: extremely technical representation of the concept
2 MIN READ
0
Human Pheromones: but No VNO; No Erox; No Human Pheromone Sciences
3 MIN READ
0
A fallacious leap? Ancestral and derived traits
3 MIN READ
0
Modeling odor processing in microbes, mice, and mankind
2 MIN READ
0
Human Pheromones in Socioaffective Neuroscience & Psychology
2 MIN READ
0
Love is a receptor-mediated event: the pervasive influence of the late Robert L. Moss
3 MIN READ
0
Exercise Alters Epigenetics
2 MIN READ
0
History of intelligence (550 words)
2 MIN READ
0
How could antibiotics alleviate symptoms of schizophrenia?
2 MIN READ
0
Creation of different species without physical barriers (Part Two)
2 MIN READ
0
Explaining a good theory
< 1 MIN READ
0
Researchers Investigate Epigenetic Patterns In Multiple Conditions
< 1 MIN READ
0
Genes not culture drive humans forward (an antithetical approach)
< 1 MIN READ
0
Creation of different species without physical barriers (Part One)
< 1 MIN READ
0
Did viruses make mammals communicate with pheromones?
2 MIN READ
0
Human Pheromones: 2010 Powerpoint slides and 2011 poster presentation
2 MIN READ
0
Is Love in the Air? Human Pheromones and Axillary Chemistry by George Preti
3 MIN READ
0
Another Remembered Present
2 MIN READ
0
Pheromones and food odors add more than just color to your world
4 MIN READ
0
Misrepresentations of biologically based cause and effect:
3 MIN READ
0
The Perversion of Science by Evolutionary Psychologists
5 MIN READ
0
Human skull study causes evolutionary headache
< 1 MIN READ
0
Timing is key in the proper wiring of the brain: study
2 MIN READ
0
Cause and effect in biology
< 1 MIN READ
0
Baiting evolutionary psychologists and others who damn religion
3 MIN READ
0
Show me the science!
5 MIN READ
0
Ethics, aphrodisiacs, and pheromones
< 1 MIN READ
0
Digit ratio does not predict attractiveness of body odor
< 1 MIN READ
0
An organizing principle for our sense of smell
< 1 MIN READ
0
Epigenetics of food odors, nutrition, and pheromones
< 1 MIN READ
0
Pheromones and falling in love (circa 1974)
< 1 MIN READ
0
Trust the science. Don’t trust the hype
2 MIN READ
0
Men and women who stare at goats…
2 MIN READ
0
The Sex Lives of Insects: Part III
3 MIN READ
0
The Sex Lives of Insects (Part II)
3 MIN READ
0
The Sex Lives of Insects
< 1 MIN READ
0
The epigenetics of food choice and mate choice
< 1 MIN READ
0
Pheromones and detectable odors
2 MIN READ
0
Epigenetic ‘memory’ key to nature versus nurture
< 1 MIN READ
0
Avian ‘Axe effect’ attracts attention of females and males
2 MIN READ
0
The Mind’s Eyes: Mindful modeling of brain directed behavior
2 MIN READ
0
Study results: Human pheromones affect women’s behavior
< 1 MIN READ
0
Human Pheromones and the Biology of Behavior
5 MIN READ
0
Sniffing out your nightlife / Pheromone-infused nightclubs
< 1 MIN READ
0
Erox rises from the ashes
< 1 MIN READ
0
Avian recognition of human faces
< 1 MIN READ
0
Human Pheromones Affect Women's Behavior
2 MIN READ
0
A lesser role for olfaction and pheromones in humans?
1 MIN READ
0
Creating a Myth
< 1 MIN READ
0
Study results: Human pheromones influence human behavior
2 MIN READ
0
Natural scent of women linked to increased testosterone and seduction
< 1 MIN READ
0
Too many good-smelling males is not good
< 1 MIN READ
0
Human pheromones in tears automagically effect testosterone
2 MIN READ
0
Human Pheromones, The Scent of Eros, and Cultural Evolution
< 1 MIN READ
0
Dialogue on pheromones: Avery Gilbert / James V. Kohl
2 MIN READ
0
Mammalian pheromones are not a myth
3 MIN READ
0
Molecular biology and social science theory
2 MIN READ
0
Study Results: Human pheromones increase flirtatious behavior and ratings of attraction
2 MIN READ
0
Epigenetics, science fiction, and scientific fact
2 MIN READ
0
Results: increased flirtatious behavior and self-reported attraction
2 MIN READ
0
Presentation on Human Pheromones delivered on August 3, 2010
2 MIN READ
0
American and Canadian Mensa Presentation
< 1 MIN READ
0
The Great Pheromone Myth (opinion/review)
19 MIN READ
0
Welcome to Pheromones.com
< 1 MIN READ
0
Scent of a woman: Men’s Testosterone Responses to Women's Scent
< 1 MIN READ
0
Earlier evidence: pheromones influence testosterone in men
< 1 MIN READ
0
