Amino acid substitutions are not mutations

By: James V. Kohl | Published on: June 14, 2015

DNA data explosion lights up the Bronze Age

Excerpt:

…a mutation linked to thick hair and numerous sweat glands, once thought to have emerged in East Asians, was common in Scandinavians as early as 7,700 years ago — potentially revealing a connection between these groups.

My comment: Serious scientists know that what was reported to be a mutation is a nutrient-dependent amino acid substitution linked to expression of a receptor, which is linked to selection of food.

Modeling Recent Human Evolution in Mice by Expression of a Selected EDAR Variant

Excerpt:

Alternatively, it could be precisely the pleiotropic nature of 370A that allowed multiple distinct selective forces to act on this variant over its long history, when many of the postulated selective pressures such as temperature and humidity changed dramatically.

My comment: The pleiotropic nature of 370A is linked to fixation of the amino acid substitution by the physiology of nutrient-dependent reproduction.

Identifying Recent Adaptations in Large-Scale Genomic Data

Excerpt:

Using structural modeling, we found that the TLR5 L616F variant is predicted to be located in the conserved ectodomain responsible for dimerization and activation of the receptor (Figures 2B and 2C).

My comment: A single base change links a nutrient-dependent valine to alanine substitution to receptor-mediated behavior in mice and humans via the mammalian gene EDAR and the EDAR encoded protein.
The base pair change and amino acid substitution continue to be reported in the context of ridiculous theories about mutations, natural selection, and the automagical evolution of biodiversity.
For comparison to what is known to serious scientists about RNA-mediated amino acid substitutions and cell type differentiation in all genera, see:

Oppositional COMT Val158Met effects on resting state functional connectivity in adolescents and adults

My comment: The link to the honeybee model of nutrient-dependent pheromone-controlled life history transitions is obvious.

Nutrient-dependent/pheromone-controlled adaptive evolution: a model.

Excerpt:

The honeybee already serves as a model organism for studying human immunity, disease resistance, allergic reaction, circadian rhythms, antibiotic resistance, the development of the brain and behavior, mental health, longevity, diseases of the X chromosome, learning and memory, as well as conditioned responses to sensory stimuli (Kohl, 2012).


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