Cell type differentiation: atoms to ecosystems

By: James V. Kohl | Published on: November 17, 2015

Relaxed genetic control of cortical organization in human brains compared with chimpanzees

Abstract conclusion:

A major result of increased plasticity is that the development of neural circuits that underlie behavior is shaped by the environmental, social, and cultural context more intensively in humans than in other primate species, thus providing an anatomical basis for behavioral and cognitive evolution.

Reported as:

Nature and nurture: Human brains evolved to be more responsive to environmental influences

Excerpt:

…the morphology of the human cerebral cortex is substantially less genetically heritable than in chimpanzees and therefore is more responsive to molding by environmental influences.

They claim ecological variation is linked to ecological adaptations, but link nature and nurture to evolution. Serious scientists report that the epigenetic landscape leads to more flexible changes in the physical landscape of our DNA compared to the DNA of other primates. Cognition does not evolve. Pseudoscientists cannot seem to grasp the fact that one amino acid substitution is the reference point for the differences between chimpanzees and modern humans compared to gorillas. See my posts to the Neuroscience FB group on this topic.   I am no longer allowed to comment to the phys.org news site because this report and many other recent reports continue to contradict earlier reports on cell type differentiation and Chimpanzee intelligence Chimpanzee intelligence determined by genes
See also: Nothing in Biology Makes Any Sense Except in the Light of Evolution
Excerpt:

…the so-called alpha chains of hemoglobin have identical sequences of amino acids in man and the chimpanzee, but they differ in a single amino acid (out of 141) in the gorilla. ( p. 127)

See also: From Fertilization to Adult Sexual Behavior
Excerpt:

This discourse calls attention to features that are central to the so-called nature-nurture discussion.

My comment: See our section on molecular epigenetics. It is ridiculous to continue pretending that RNA-mediated amino acid cell type differentiation can be placed into the context of “evolution.” Nature and nurture are linked by RNA-mediated gene duplication and by RNA-mediated amino acid substitutions, not by mutations and evolution. The systems complexity exemplified in different cell types links the sun’s biological energy from atoms to ecosystems. Cell type differentiation is nutrient energy-dependent and controlled by the physiology of reproduction.  Viruses steal the energy that cells need to differentiate and that organisms need to reproduce. When the accumulation of viruses links the proliferation of viral microRNAs to pathology it is because cells do not have the unlimited power to adapt to ecological variation. Simply put, without proper nutrition, virus-driven stress causes all pathology in all cell types of all individuals of all living genera.

For example: The major antigenic changes of the influenza virus are primarily caused by a single amino acid near the receptor binding site.
My comment: Viruses kill individuals and cause the extinction of species via single amino acid substitutions. If you cannot understand how that fact is linked to the fact that …the so-called alpha chains of hemoglobin have identical sequences of amino acids in man and the chimpanzee, but they differ in a single amino acid (out of 141) in the gorilla. ( p. 127) you are not likely to ever become a biologically informed serious scientist.
See also: Ten Craziest Things Cells Do
https://youtu.be/7tep7lWKSXE
Viruses perturb the biophysically constrained RNA-mediated protein folding chemistry that typically enables the differentiation of cell types that links atoms to ecosystems and all differences in morphological phenotypes and all differences in behavioral phenotypes — none of which “evolve.”
 


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