Light-activated feedback loops vs self-organization of ecosystems

John Lieff has been trying to update his ridiculous misrepresentations of biologically-based cause and effect to match the accurate representations we made in a section on molecular epigenetics in our 1996 Hormones and Behavior review.

From Fertilization to Adult Sexual Behavior

Nothing can stop him, but this will provide the next source for material that he must borrow as if he learned about it somewhere else.

Apoptosis analysis guide | Free ebook download

Virus-driven energy theft causes apoptosis, which releases cell contents for recycling in the context of autophagy, which helps to ensure food energy-dependent pheromone-controlled RNA-mediated DNA repair in species from microbes to humans.

Gene bivalency at Polycomb domains regulates cranial neural crest positional identity

Journal article abstract excerpt (figure: Epigenetic regulation of cranial NC cell identity.)

A Polycomb-dependent poised chromatin organization underlies the positional plasticity of cranial premigratory NC cell progenitors. This chromatin prepattern is maintained through migration. In response to local cues encountered by the NC cells during or after their migration, the regulatory elements (E) and promoters (P) of differentially expressed genes switch from a poised to an active chromatin state, establishing transcriptional identities specific to subpopulations of NC cells.

The use of the term “chromatin prepattern” must be linked from endogenous RNA interference to all all biodiversity via transgenerational epigenetic inheritance. Watch closely as all pseudoscientists, atheists and other biologically uninformed theorists finally realize there is no such thing as mutation-driven evolution except in the context of virus-driven energy theft, apoptosis, and the evolution of pathology. Virus-driven energy theft causes degradation of messenger RNA in the absence of nutrient energy-dependent pheromone-controlled RNA-mediated amino acid substitutions and DNA repair.

MicroRNAs Establish Uniform Traits during the Architecture of Vertebrate Embryos

Aberrant trait variance in miRNA mutant embryos uniquely sensitizes their vascular system to environmental perturbations. We discovered a previously unrecognized role for specific vertebrate miRNAs to protect tissue development against phenotypic variability.

Reported as: The role of tiny RNA in genetic diversity March 28, 2017

All species, from zebrafish to humans, possess a genetically diverse collection of traits that allow them to adapt to changing environments. Yet scientists do not fully understand how organisms reach a state of optimal diversity—just enough variability to respond to environmental risks but not too much to function properly.

Natural selection for energy-dependent codon optimality is the link to optimal diversity. Conserved molecular mechanisms of nutrient-dependent pheromone-controlled biodiversity have been linked from quorum sensing in bacteria to all cell type differentiation in all individuals of all species.
See: Feedback loops link odor and pheromone signaling with reproduction

These studies reveal a complex interplay between reproduction and other functions in which GnRH neurons appear to integrate information from multiple sources and modulate a variety of brain functions.

Escherichia coli and the peppered moth typically are typically used by biologically uninformed theorists as examples of mutation-driven evolution.
See: The Man Who Bottled Evolution
See the refutation: Evolutionary resurrection of flagellar motility via rewiring of the nitrogen regulation system

…this system enables us to understand the adaptive process in detail at the genetic and phenotypic level [over the weekend]. We identified a tractable model for gene network evolution and observed, in real time, the rewiring of gene networks to enable the incorporation of a modified component (NtrC′) creating a novel regulatory function by a highly repeatable two-step evolutionary pathway with the same point mutations often recurring in independent lineages.

They failed to differentiate between the term mutation and what occurs in the context of energy-dependent pheromone-controlled changes in the microRNA/messenger RNA balance via fixation of RNA-mediated amino acid substitutions in supercoiled DNA.
See: Structural diversity of supercoiled DNA

Six decades after the elucidation of its double helical structure, DNA continues to surprise us by revealing new information. Our cryo-ET, biochemical, and computational studies show the astounding versatility and dynamism of DNA depending on the degree of supercoiling. DNA simultaneously exists in a largely inactive B-form with bases tucked in and protected and an active, highly varied structure with exposed bases. Our data provide relative comparisons of supercoiling-dependent twisted, writhed, curved, and kinked conformations and associated base exposure. Each of these structural features may be differentially recognized by the proteins, nucleic acids, and small molecules that modulate DNA metabolic processes.

See for comparison: Helicoverpa armigera images

Identification and Evaluation of Suitable Reference Genes for Normalization of MicroRNA Expression in Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Using Quantitative Real-Time PCR

…10 candidate genes of H. armigera were selected and analyzed for their expression stability under different biotic and abiotic conditions….  miR-9 and U6 snRNA for developmental stages, miR-100 and U6 snRNA for larval tissues, miR-100 and miR-305 for adult tissues, miR-9 and miR-279 for parasitic treatment, miR-998 and U6 snRNA for nuclear polyhedrosis virus infection, miR-9 and U6 snRNA for insecticide treatment, miR-92a, miR-100, and miR-279 for temperature treatment, miR-92a, miR-305, and miR-998 for starvation treatment, miR-9 and miR-279 for light treatment, miR-305 and miR-998 for hormone treatment, and there was not one reference gene suitable for all samples.

Nutrient-dependent pheromone-controlled reproduction in this moth species links the works of Karlson and Luscher (1959) Pheromones: a new term for a class of biologically active substances to the Bruce McEwen’s works on stress via Effects of Carnitine on Fatty-Acid Oxidation by Muscle (1959) and Dependence of RNA synthesis in isolated thymus nuclei on glycolysis, oxidative carbohydrate catabolism and a type of “oxidative phosphorylation” (1964)

The synthesis of RNA in isolated thymus nuclei is ATP dependent.

Taken together, these works are linked to energy-dependent Normalization of MicroRNA Expression. The anti-entropic virucidal energy of sunlight is the obvious link from the de novo creation of microRNAs to the ATP-dependent biosynthesis of messenger RNA and healthy longevity.  Virus-driven energy theft clearly links the degradation of messenger RNA, which would otherwise link the creation of microRNAs from sunlight to the nutrient energy-dependent pheromone-controlled biosynthesis of ATP and all cell type differentiation in all living genera.

For example see: Genetic 3’UTR variation is associated with human pigmentation characteristics and sensitivity to sunlight

To our knowledge, this is the first time that these two 3’UTR SNPs have been associated with sun-sensitivity traits. We state the potential implication of these SNPs in human pigmentation and sensitivity to sunlight, possibly as a result of changes in the level of gene expression through the disruption of putative miRNA-binding sites.

See also:: Race-dependent association of sulfidogenic bacteria with colorectal cancer

reported as: Study links sulfide-producing bacteria and colon cancer in African-Americans

“These bacteria are using nutrients associated with an animal-based diet,” Gaskins said.

For information on the biophysically constrained energy-dependent origins of race-dependent associations see:

Common origins of RNA, protein and lipid precursors in a cyanosulfidic protometabolism

…precursors of amino acids glycine, serine, alanine and threonine, are inevitable by-products of this RNA assembly chemistry…

Like all chemistry, this can be placed into the context of how quantum physics must be linked from quantum chemistry to quantum biology via food as energy.

The link from food enery to the nutrient-dependent pheromone-controlled physiology of reproduction and racial differences in colon cancer was predicted based on difference in diet and links from the National Microbiome Initiative to the Precision Medicine Initiative.