Cytosis: Biology Content

Project Update #5: Cytosis: A Cell Biology Board Game by John Coveyou (Genius Games)

Many of you have mentioned that you’d like to have an explanation of the biology behind Cytosis available… and I think that is an AWESOME plan. Every time I’ve taught the game to non-science players in the past, they say gameplay made even more sense (and was so much more enjoyable) when I explained the science as well. This way they knew WHY they were doing what they were doing!

If you’ve got a strong background in biology, love explaining complexities in a way that someone unfamiliar with biology could understand, and would be interested in volunteering to help me write a page or two of science explanatory content for the rulebook, please shoot me an email… with the subject line “Cytosis Biology Explanations – [Your Name]” and we can start discussing!

I wrote: Kohl’s Laws of Biology may help. See: Nutrient-dependent pheromone-controlled ecological adaptations: from atoms to ecosystems

1) Life is nutrient-dependent. See for review [2, 31]. The physiology of reproduction is pheromone-controlled. See for review [30].

In the context of the game “Cytosis,” Kohl’s Laws link the epigenetic effects of food odors and pheromones to changes in the mitochondria of all cell types. The energy-dependent changes in the mitochondria are linked to healthy longevity.
If the epigenetic effects of food odors and pheromones did not clearly link cytosis to healthy longevity, we would be left with only the link from virus-driven energy theft to all pathology. The explanation for all pathology involves more complexity than most people are willing to examine even when it is placed into the context of a book for a general, albeit educated, target audience.
See: The Scent of Eros: Mysteries of Odor in Human Sexuality

This is science at its best, with adventure, ideas, and lots of facts. — Helen Fisher

Details for other serious scientists:

The synthesis of RNA is nutrient energy-dependent. From 1964 Dependence of RNA synthesis in isolated thymus nuclei on glycolysis, oxidative carbohydrate catabolism and a type of “oxidative phosphorylation”

The feedback loops link Dobzhansky’s claims about amino acid substitutions and RNA-mediated cell type differentiation from natural selection for energy-dependent codon optimality to the pheromone-controlled biodiversity of all living genera.

See: Combating Evolution to Fight Disease

…transient errors in mRNA synthesis can also cause heritable non-DNA-based phenotypic change. This is observed when low-abundance transcriptional regulators are affected by transcription errors. This disruption can cause a cell to alter its gene expression, resulting in a phenotype that may be heritable (2).

See also: Carl Woese, Evolution’s Golden Revolutionary

…there is probably no other scientist but Carl Woese who could write about having “no use for natural selection” and have Nature magazine respond with a Nobel endorsement. It is Carl Woese who first identified the Archaea and introduced us to horizontal gene transfer.

Virus-driven energy theft causes the degradation of messenger RNA, which links negative supercoiling of DNA in bacteria to the creation of archaea and links the conserved molecular mechanisms from archaea to the evolution of all pathology. For comparison, horizontal gene transfer links the nutrient energy-dependent de novo creation of genes from the pheromone-controlled fixation of RNA-mediated amino acid substitutions to supercoiled DNA, which prevents virus-driven energy theft from causing more degradation of messenger RNA.

See: Nutrient-dependent pheromone-controlled ecological adaptations: from atoms to ecosystems

This invited review of nutritional epigenetics includes a model that links nutrient energy-dependent changes from atoms to ecosystems. Most theorists have been caught with their pants down because they are still making claims about mutations and evolution. How can serious scientists compete with pseudoscientists who make claims that link mutations to millions of year of evolution?  Most serious scientists know how to link quantized energy from chemistry to biologically-based cause and effect. Most biologically uninformed people accept the claims of pseudoscientists, atheists, and other theorists.

Some Harvard researchers are still trying to hide facts that link research on the synthesis of mRNA to all biophysically constrained biodiversity on Earth via hydrogen-atom transfer in DNA base pairs in solution and RNA-mediated amino acid substitutions in supercoiled DNA, which protects all organized genomes from virus-driven energy theft and genomic entropy. ATP-dependent cell type differentiation is placed into the context of conserved NAD+ and protein-protein interactions.

See:  A conserved NAD+ binding pocket that regulates protein-protein interactions during aging

See for contrast: Stem cell divisions, somatic mutations, cancer etiology, and cancer prevention

It is now widely accepted that cancer is the result of the gradual accumulation of driver gene mutations that successively increase cell proliferation (1–3).

Johns Hopkins researchers framed everything known to serious scientists about cell type differentiation into the contest of cancer as ‘bad luck” as if cytosis was not energy-dependent and healthy longevity arose in the context of mutation-driven evolution — if species were lucky enough to evolve into other species.
No serious scientist has ever accepted that ridiculous claim.

See for comparison: Distinct E-cadherin-based complexes regulate cell behaviour through miRNA processing or Src and p120 catenin activity

…we characterize two distinct p120-associated complexes with antagonistic functions and we describe a microRNA (miRNA)-mediated mechanism through which the ZA suppresses transformed cell growth.

Backers and players of the game “Cytosis” will learn how the energy-dependent function of mitochondria must be linked to every aspect of healthy longevity or be linked from virus-driven energy theft to all pathology. They will be prepared to learn from the next game: “Photosynthesis,” which will link the sun’s anti-entropic virucidal energy to all biophysically constrained biodiversity via what is known to all serious scientists. They will not need to learn anything more than is required for them to reject the pseudoscientific nonsense of neo-Darwinian theories.

See what’s happened after 20 days of comments to this society. 

The information has been shared more than 450 times. The number of biologically informed students will force the biologically uninformed professors to stop playing the evolution game until they can begin supporting their ridiculous claims with facts. The facts must link ecological variation to ecological adaptations via what is known to serious scientists about hydrogen-atom transfer in DNA base pairs in solution.

Clearly, the facts tell us that all individuals of all species that live on Earth must eat and reproduce or they become extinct. None mutate and evolve into other species.

Thus, we regard as rather regrettable the conventional concatenation of Darwin’s name with evolution, because there are other modalities that must be entertained and which we regard as mandatory during the course of evolutionary time.

— Carl Woese and physicist Nigel Goldenfeld

 in the case of higher animals we know the kind of orderliness they feed upon well enough, viz. the extremely well-ordered state of matter in more or less complicated organic compounds, which serve them as foodstuffs. After utilizing it they return it in a very much degraded form -not entirely degraded, however, for plants can still make use of it. (These, of course, have their most power supply of ‘negative entropy’ the sunlight.) (pp. 73 and 74)

— with forward by Roger Penrose who co-authored with George F.R. Ellis and Stephen Hawking

“How often do we still hear that quantum effects can have little relevance in the study of biology, or even that we eat food in order to gain energy?”(Roger Penrose 8 August 1991)

James Vaughn Kohl “New data on how genetic predispositions are epigenetically linked to phenotypically distinct neuroanatomy and behaviors is provided in the honeybee model. Across-species comparisons from insects to vertebrates clearly show that the epigenetic influence of food odors and pheromones continues throughout the life of organisms that collectively survive whereas individuals do not. These comparisons also attest to the relative salience of sensory input from the rearing environment. For example, when viewed from the consistency of animal models and conditioned behaviors, food odors are obviously more important to food selection than is our visual perception of food. Animal models affirm that food odor makes food either appealing or unappealing. Animal models reaffirm that it is the pheromones of other animals that makes them either appealing or unappealing.

Socioaffective neuroscience and psychology may progress more quickly by keeping these apparent facts in mind: Olfaction and odor receptors provide a clear evolutionary trail that can be followed from unicellular organisms to insects to humans (Keller et al., 2007; Kohl, 2007; Villarreal, 2009; Vosshall, Wong, & Axel, 2000).”

— Kohl, JV (2012) Human pheromones and food odors: epigenetic influences on the socioaffective nature of evolved behaviors Socioaffective Neuroscience & Psychology 2012

    17 Apr 2014 at 03:07am

George F R Ellis This is absolutely correct and forms part of the larger concept that top-down causation is a key factor not just in the way the brain works but in broader contexts in biology and even physics. This is explored here: https://rsfs.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/2/1.toc