The tipping point (revisited): 70,000 publications

By: James V. Kohl | Published on: February 16, 2018

Excerpt:

This new empirically based perspective on the evolution of genetic novelty will have more explanatory power in the future than the „error-replication“ narrative of the last century.

Simply put, all serious scientists have always known that the “error-replication” narrative of the 20th century was a ridiculous misrepresentation of what Darwin placed into the context of his “conditions of life.”

The tipping point?: 50,000publications (May 16, 2016)
See also: The tipping point (revisited): 69,000 publications (January 20, 2018)
Nearly 1000 more published works have been added to the 69,000 on microRNAs that had already been published by last month.
All experimental evidence has been placed into the context of 12,000 more published works on microRNAs, since the time of this presentation (February 15, 2017):

Energy as information and constrained endogenous RNA interference

Feedback loops link quantized energy as information to biophysically constrained RNA-mediated protein folding chemistry. Light induced energy-dependent changes link angstroms to ecosystems from classical physics to chemistry/chirality and to molecular epigenetics/autophagy. The National Microbiome Initiative links microbial quorum sensing to the physiology of reproduction via endogenous RNA interference and chromosomal rearrangements. The rearrangements link energy-dependent fixed amino acid substitutions to the Precision Medicine Initiative via genome wide inferences of natural selection.

This detailed representation of energy-dependent natural selection for codon optimality links biologically- based cause and effect from G protein-coupled receptors to RNA-mediated amino acid substitutions and the functional structure of supercoiled DNA. Energy-dependent polycombic ecological adaptations are manifested in supercoiled DNA. Chromosomal inheritance links the adaptations from morphological phenotypes to healthy longevity via behavioral phenotypes. For contrast, virus-driven energy theft is the link from messenger RNA degradation to negative supercoiling, constraint breaking mutations, and hecatombic evolution. The viral hecatomb links transgenerational epigenetic inheritance from archaea to Zika virus-damaged DNA, which typically is repaired by endogenous RNA interference and fixation of RNA-mediated amino acid substitutions in organized genomes.

See: Transposons: a blessing curse (open access) with my emphasis
Conclusion:

The circumstances of transposon bursts, preferences of insertion sites, and the life cycle of many elements are not fully understood. Like in classical mutagenesis with chemical or physical treatments, unwanted side effects are likely and cannot be excluded, and new TE-related phenotypes must be thoroughly tested for genetic and epigenetic stability. However, detrimental and beneficial events can teach us both principles, and well-established advantageous interactions between TEs and genes might serve as templates for more precise and targeted genome editing and breeding.

Pseudoscientists continue to put what is known into the context of their ridiculous theories about evolution:
See for comparison (from the same issue): Despacito: the slow evolutionary changes in plant microRNAs (paywalled) with my emphasis

…this review describes the processes by which new miRNAs are hypothesized to have emerged. Two major models describe miRNA origins, firstly, de novo emergence via inverted duplication of target gene fragments, and secondly, the expansion and neofunctionalization of existing miRNA families. The occasional acquisition of target sites by previously un-targeted genes adds further dynamism to the process by which miRNAs may shift roles during evolution. Additional factors guiding miRNA evolution include functional constraints on their length and the importance of precursor conservation that is observed in regions above or below the mature miRNA duplex; these regions represent recognition sites for components of biogenesis machinery and direct precursor processing. Insights into the mechanisms of miRNA emergence and divergence are important for understanding plant genome evolution and the impact of miRNA regulatory networks.

No experimental evidence of biophysically constrained biologically-based cause and effect suggest that microRNAs emerged or that plant genomes evolved. All experimental evidence consistently has shown that the anti-entropic virucidal energy of sunlight creates microRNAs in the context of photophosphorylation.
See: Energy limitation of cyanophage development: implications for marine carbon cycling
Photophosphorylation is obviously:

…a mechanistic link between diurnal changes in irradiance and observed community level responses in metabolism, i.e., through an irradiance-dependent, viral-induced release of dissolved organic matter (DOM).

Simply put, photophosphorylation links the anti-entropic virucidal energy of sunlight to all biophysically constrained biodiversity via oxidative phosphorylation and the physiology of reproduction in all living genera. That fact has been suspected or established in the context of all works published by serious scientists since the publication of What is Life? (1944)

Indeed, in the case of higher animals we know the kind of orderliness they feed upon well enough, viz. the extremely well-ordered state of matter in more or less complicated organic compounds, which serve them as foodstuffs. After utilizing it they return it in a very much degraded form -not entirely degraded, however, for plants can still make use of it. (These, of course, have their most power supply of ‘negative entropy’ the sunlight.)

See also: Gene Expression Patterns during Light and Dark Infection of Prochlorococcus by Cyanophage
For extension of the research from cyanobacteria to humans see:
Quantification of microRNA expression with next-generation sequencing 2013 (coauthored by George M. Church)
Differential expression of microRNAs in the normal skin of the Han and Uyghur populations in Xinjiang Province (2018)
Any additional claims about the emergence of microRNAs and the evolution of genomes can be placed into the context of what will be presented at the forthcoming conference on “Genetic Novelty/Genomic Variations by RNA Networks and Viruses,” or the cell biology board game “Cytosis” for ages 10+.

This new empirically based perspective on the evolution of genetic novelty will have more explanatory power in the future than the „error-replication“ narrative of the last century.

Simply put, all serious scientists have always known that the “error-replication” narrative of the 20th century was a ridiculous misrepresentation of what Darwin placed into the context of his “conditions of life.”
See for instance: Dependence of RNA synthesis in isolated thymus nuclei on glycolysis, oxidative carbohydrate catabolism and a type of “oxidative phosphorylation”

The synthesis of RNA in isolated thymus nuclei is ATP dependent. Experiments are described which show that the required ATP is produced by reactions associated with glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and a type of oxidative phosphorylation.


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[…] For a historical perspective on the number of publicatons that mention microRNA or microRNAs, see also: The tipping point (revisited): 70,000 publications […]


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