Photonics in Forensics (9)

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Suppression and Activation of Intracellular Immune Response in Initial Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection 11/26/21

…when intracellular immunity is suppressed, SARS-CoV-2 shows a correlation with dysregulation of metal ion homeostasis. Herein, the inhibitory activity of copper ions against SARS-CoV-2 was further validated in in vitro experiments.

Ions are atoms that have a positive or negative charge because they have unequal numbers of protons and electrons. If atoms lose electrons, they become positive ions, or cations. If atoms gain electrons, they become negative ions, or anions…

Simply put, ions, electrons, and protons are subatomic particles. For the link from God’s Creation of subatomic particles to prevention of virus-driven neurodegenerative diseases, see the 10-part series: RNAi 2002 to AI 2021 (10) The series was finalized on 1/6/22
See also:  MicroRNA Mediated Plant Responses to Nutrient Stress 2/5/22

The normal development and growth of plants requires at least 17 elements. The mineral nutrients comprise 14 of the 17 essential nutrients, the others being oxygen, carbon, and hydrogen [1].

For the link from injections with synthetic mRNA to the reactivation potential of all virus-driven diseases, see: Intracellular Reverse Transcription of Pfizer BioNTech COVID-19 mRNA Vaccine BNT162b2 In Vitro in Human Liver Cell Line 2/25/22
See for comparison: Nutrient-dependent pheromone-controlled ecological adaptations: from atoms to ecosystems (2014) My invited review was returned without review, albeit with the claim that “Kohl’s Laws of Biology” was self-aggrandizing.
I started with God’s Creation of energy as the basis for “Kohl’s Laws,” which were clearly linked to Darwin’s “conditions of life” via sunlight and humidity. Another request for a review of food energy-dependent pheromone-regulated genetic processes of  cell type differentiation across kingdoms led me to make slight changes to the 2014 manuscript and move forward from atoms to ecosystems to publication of Nutrient-dependent Pheromone-Controlled Ecological Adaptations: From Angstroms to Ecosystems (2018)
For comparison: Dense functional and molecular readout of a circuit hub in sensory cortex 1/7/22 was reported on 1/6/22 as How do we provide meaning to our environment? Cracking the neural code to the brain

Our findings have relevance for a range of neurological disorders such as stroke, to neuropsychiatric diseases such as Autism Spectrum Disorder, where an individual’s sense of perception can be altered.

Meaning is energy-dependent. So is our altered sense of perception.
The relevance of their findings was detailed in the context of Olfaction Warps Visual Time Perception 3/17/17
Moving forward: Types of variants Classification based on cell type:
A SNV can be rare in one population but common in a different population. Sometimes SNVs are known as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), although the terms SNVs and SNPs supposedly are not interchangeable. To qualify as a SNP, the variant must be present in at least 1% of the population.
See: Nutrient-dependent/pheromone-controlled adaptive evolution: a model
In my 6/14/13 refutation of neo-Darwinian theory and Big Bang Cosmology, I quoted:

In the honey bee, the outputs of gene regulatory networks stemming from near identical genomes are altered by differing nutritional intakes which can be considered to be alternate trajectories along an epigenetic landscape. Differential nutrition results in different morphologies, different physiologies, different nervous systems and very different behaviors, all arising from different developmental trajectories that end in queen and worker. (Gabor Miklos & Maleszka, 2011, p. 403)

Research on food energy-dependent pheromone-regulated gain-of-function has since linked the different developmental trajectories of the honeybee model organism across kingdoms via Biblical Genesis. The link to refutations of stupid theories is obvious.
For example see: Spinach-based RNA mimicking GFP in plant cells 3/10/22
Spinach RNA-mimicking green fluorescent protein can now be used to monitor microRNA-mediated changes in the ATP-dependent Creation of RNA in bacterium, yeast, human, and plant cells.
For comparison, gain-of-function research in viruses was linked to the creation of SARSCoV2 and pathology that came from the Wuhan China lab by the currently serving Director of the NIH, Lawrence A. Tabak via claims about furin cleavage, which typically prevents gain-of-function.
See:  Furin cleavage of the SARS-CoV-2 spike is modulated by O-glycosylation 11/5/21
Why hasn’t the microRNA-mediated difference between gain-of-function in hosts, which constrains viral endemicity, been addressed in the context of gain-of-function in genetically-engineered viruses, which causes constraint-breaking mutations?
My model from 2013 covers gain-of-function in hosts and gain-of-function in viruses by linking epigenetic effects of nurture to affects of hormones on behavior via peptide synthesis at the origin of life and the substitution of achiral glycine in position 6 of the decapeptide, gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH).
See:

I cited Modeling Recent Human Evolution in Mice by Expression of a Selected EDAR Variant 2/14/13 and Identifying Recent Adaptations in Large-Scale Genomic Data 2/14/13.
Neither of the articles has since been cited by theorists who ignore the fact one variant was linked from energy-dependent changes in SNPs in microRNAs to Footprints of a Singular 22-Nucleotide RNA Ring at the Origin of Life.
Their epic failure may be due to claims that the definitions of SNV and SNPs are not interchangeable.
microRNA-mediated transcriptional regulation of gene expression. can be tracked to biophysically constrained energy-dependent changes in SNPs because energy-dependent fixation of an SNV in 1% of a human population is required for it to become, via definition, a SNP.
How does the virus-driven degradation of mRNA cause mutations via SNVs and food energy-dependent pheromone-regulated genetic processes of reproduction via fixation of SNPs across billions to millions of years?
It doesn’t. Viruses cause mutations and diseases. The problem with use of definitions for SNPs and SNVs could also be linked to Matoshi Nei’s all encompassing definition of a mutation in Mutation-Driven Evolution, which was published on the same day as my 2013 refutation of his pseudoscientific nonsense.
He included any change to genomic structure in his claim about mutations, which includes nucleotide substitutions, insertions/deletions, segmental gene duplication, genomic duplication, changes in gene regulatory systems, transposition of genes, horizontal gene transfer, etc. Simply put, he linked everything except God’s Creation of energy-as-information to mutations and billions to millions of years of evolution via other stupid theories and definitions.
That nonsense led to the inability of other stupid theorists to link the singular nucleotide RNA ring at the origin of life from the footprints  of the singular 22-nucleotide ring to microRNA-mediated cause and effect — despite the fact that a microRNA (abbreviated miRNA) is a small single-stranded non-coding RNA molecule (containing about 22 nucleotides) found in plants, animals and some viruses, that functions in RNA silencing and post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression.
See Metazoan MicroRNAs 3/24/18:
Bartel had already linked extensive hydrogen-bonding and base-stacking interactions to the stability of RG4 structures via microRNAs.

“…most miRNA genes come from regions of the genome quite distant from previously annotated genes, implying that they derive from independent transcription units Lagos-Quintana et al. 2001, Lau et al. 2001 and Lee and Ambros 2001. Nonetheless, a sizable minority (e.g., about a quarter of the human miRNA genes) are in the introns of pre-mRNAs. These are preferentially in the same orientation as the predicted mRNAs, suggesting that most of these miRNAs are not transcribed from their own promoters but are instead processed from the introns, as seen also for many snoRNAs Aravin et al. 2003, Lagos-Quintana et al. 2003, Lai et al. 2003 and Lim et al. 2003a. This arrangement provides a convenient mechanism for the coordinated expression of a miRNA and a protein. Regulatory scenarios are easy to imagine in which such coordinate expression could be useful, which would explain the conserved relationships between miRNAs and host mRNAs. A striking example of this conservation involves mir-7, found in the intron of hnRNP K in both insects and mammals (Aravin et al., 2003).”

See also: Glycine-rich loop encompassing active site at interface of hexameric M. tuberculosis Eis protein contributes to its structural stability and activity (2018)
Who wants to prevent or effectively treat tuberculosis with microRNAs? WHO doesn’t.
For an example of obfuscation via use of definitions see: rs3827760, also known as 1540T/C, 370A or Val370Ala, is a SNP in the ectodysplasin A receptor EDAR gene on chromosome 2.
Follow the footprints from Characterisation of a second gain of function EDAR variant, encoding EDAR380R, in East Asia 6/4/20

This allele of rs3827760 is at very high frequency in modern East Asian and Native American populations as a result of ancient positive selection and has been associated with straighter, thicker hair fibres, alteration of tooth and ear shape, reduced chin protrusion and increased fingertip sweat gland density. Here we report the characterisation of another SNV in EDAR, rs146567337, encoding EDAR:p.(Ser380Arg).

See also: Photonics in Forensics (10) in prep.
Human MicroRNAs Attenuate the Expression of Immediate Early Proteins and HCMV Replication during Lytic and Latent Infection in Connection with Enhancement of Phosphorylated RelA/p65 (Serine 536) That Binds to MIEP 3/2/22

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