Phytochemical link from the sun to cell types

By: James V. Kohl | Published on: September 1, 2015

A dietary phytochemical alters caste-associated gene expression in honey bees

Excerpt:

…plant-derived phenolics (14), which are known to function as modulators of DNA methylation, intracellular signaling networks, chromatin structure, and microRNA (15, 16).

Phytochemical Helps Differentiate Workers from Queen Bees

Excerpt: 

In the larvae fed p-coumaric acid, Berenbaum said, “we saw a whole bunch of detoxification genes upregulated, even more immunity genes upregulated, and then—which was a surprise to us—a whole bunch of genes which were previously shown to be involved in caste determination. . . . In retrospect, it made a lot of sense.”

My comment: It makes sense in the context of nutrient-dependent RNA-directed DNA methylation  linked from RNA-mediated gene duplication to RNA-mediated amino acid substitutions and the biophysically constrained chemistry of protein folding that differentiates all cell types.
See also: Phenolic compounds are ….produced by plants and microorganisms, with variation between and within species.[6]
The variation between and within species might be placed into the context of RNA-mediated events that link ecological variation to nutrient-dependent cell type differentiation and ecological adaptations.
See for instance: Reactions between amino acid compounds and phenols during oxidation
Abstract excerpt:

The reaction products of phenols with amino acids were stable against hydrolysis.

My comment: There must be a link to the stability of organized genomes from nutrient uptake and plant-derived phenolics that extends what is known about the role of nutrient-dependent microRNAs to cell type differentiation via the innate immune system of organisms from microbes to humans.
The obvious link is from nutrient-dependent thermodynamic cycles of biophysically constrained protein biosynthesis and degradation, which is perturbed by viruses. The accumulation of viruses disrupts the hydrogen bonding that links plant-derived phenolics to metabolic networks and genetic networks via changes in the microRNA/messenger RNA balance that are linked to all nutrient-dependent biodiversity via the physiology of reproduction and fixation of amino acid substitutions in the organized genomes of all living genera.
See also: New anti-entropic microbes


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