Exosomes

The eternal significance of microRNAs (8)

May 15, 2018
James Kohl
Adaptations, Diseases & Disorders, Ecology, microRNA editing, RNA Directed, RNA interference, RNA-directed DNA methylation, RNA-mediated epigenetic regulation of gene expression, RNA–Mediated Epigenetic Heredity
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Use of definitions in attempts to explain any aspect of species-specific biophysically constrained cell type differentiation and aging has been replaced by the use of model systems of biological processes.  Biological processes can be compared to so-called “evolutionary processes” to show that only biological processes need to be considered in the context of Darwin’s “conditions of life” or answers to the the question  What is Life? Schrödinger (1944). K. L. Mettinger et al. (eds.), Exosomes, Stem Cells and MicroRNA, Advances…

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Lethal virus kills 5 billion people?

The “walking fish” walks straight from quantum physics to quantum souls (5)

January 4, 2018
James Kohl
Adaptations, Autophagy, biophotonics, Diseases & Disorders, Ecology, RNA Directed
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Evolutionary determinants of genome-wide nucleotide composition January 1, 2018 1) They place their thoughts about mutation rates into the context of compatibility with mutational spectra. 2)They claim the mutation rate can be linked to mutational spectra that may be free to wander across evolutionary time. 3) They ignore facts that link the energy-dependent maintenance of a suppressed constant genome-wide deleterious rate that obviously occurs in the context of the Virus-mediated archaeal hecatomb in the deep seafloor 4) They eliminate the…

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Electron cloud superimposed on the yin yang symbol

The “walking fish” walks straight from quantum physics to quantum souls (4)

January 3, 2018
James Kohl
Adaptations, Alternative Splicings, Autophagy, base editing, biophotonics, Cytosis, Diseases & Disorders, Ecology, Human Pheromones, Light Energy, microRNA editing, Model Organisms, Neuronal Plasticity, Nutrigenomics, Physics, RNA Directed, RNA editing, RNA interference, RNA methylation, RNA-directed DNA methylation, RNA-mediated epigenetic regulation of gene expression, RNA-mediated gene silencing, RNA–Mediated Epigenetic Heredity, Variations
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Excerpt: During the past 21 months, others have either learned nothing about microRNAs or they have ignored the fact that virus-driven energy theft is not the same as energy dissipation in the context of food energy (the quantized energy as information that is used by viruses to create the amino acid substitutions that stabilize their RNA and DNA). The dark side of the new popularity of cryo-electron microscopy …we need to stand together as a field, and support our colleagues…

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Electron cloud superimposed on the yin yang symbol

The “walking fish” walks straight from quantum physics to quantum souls (3)

January 3, 2018
James Kohl
Adaptations, Alternative Splicings, Autophagy, base editing, biophotonics, Cytosis, Diseases & Disorders, Ecology, Light Energy, microRNA editing, Model Organisms, Nutrigenomics, Physics, RNA Directed, RNA editing, RNA interference, RNA methylation, RNA-directed DNA methylation, RNA-mediated epigenetic regulation of gene expression, RNA-mediated gene silencing, RNA-mediated toxicity, RNA–Mediated Epigenetic Heredity, Subatomic, Variations
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The molecular dynamics of the hydrophobic amino acid, valine, link the anti-entropic virucidal energy of sunlight from the Second Law of Thermodynamics to the energy-dependent and temperature-dependent orientational dynamics of the structure of water via methylation and acetylation in the C and N terminus, respectively. The quantized energy of sunlight must be linked from energy as information to energy-dependent methylation and acetylation to all biodiversity via the effect of the energy on contact with water and the physiology of pheromone-controlled…

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Energy-dependent physical and biophysical constraints (5)

July 26, 2017
James Kohl
Adaptations, Cytosis, Diseases & Disorders, Ecology, Human Pheromones, Model Organisms, Neuronal Plasticity, Nutrigenomics, Physics, RNA Directed, RNA interference, RNA-directed DNA methylation, RNA-mediated epigenetic regulation of gene expression, Variations
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Summary: Emmy Noethe’s theorems were developed in the early 1900’s. Richard Feynman inadvertently or purposefully alluded to them as examples of human idiocy. Discover Magazine resurrected the examples of human idiocy in a 2017 article. For comparison, Choi et al., (2017) support the claims that intercellular and interkingdom communication is energy-dependent and controlled by the metabolism of food energy to pheromones. It is obvious that pheromones biophysically constrain the virus-driven degradation of messenger RNA. That fact links everything currently known…

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Do not miss the misrepresentations

March 8, 2016
James Kohl
Adaptations, Diseases & Disorders, Ecology, Model Organisms, Neuronal Plasticity, Nutrigenomics, Pharmacogenomics, RNA Directed, RNA-directed DNA methylation, RNA-mediated epigenetic regulation of gene expression, RNA-mediated gene silencing, RNA-mediated toxicity, RNA–Mediated Epigenetic Heredity, Variations
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PLOS Biology ICYMI: February’s Five January 25, 2016 Reported as 1) “… they hypothesise short bursts of rapid species diversification, such as after the famous mass extinction event…” January 11, 2016 Reported as 2) “…a newly identified protein, Wuho (WH), regulates the activity of FEN1 when around a replication fork, ensuring it does more good acting as a flap endonuclease than damage as a gap endonuclease.” January 7, 2016 Reported as 3) “Exosomes Protect and Perpetuate Chemical Attractants” February 12,…

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Exosomes and the RNA-mediated future of medicine (3)

September 12, 2015
James Kohl
Adaptations, Alternative Splicings, Diseases & Disorders, Ecology, Human Brain, Human Pheromones, Light Energy, Model Organisms, Neuronal Plasticity, Nutrigenomics, Pharmacogenomics, Physics, RNA Directed, Variations, What's in the News
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September 11, 2015 Case Western Reserve scientists discover long-sought genetic mechanism for cancer progression Excerpt: Action of a key lncRNA different in colon cancer versus normal colon tissue My comment: In yet another ridiculous misrepresentation of all that is currently known about how the epigenetic landscape is linked to the physical landscape of DNA in all cell types of all individuals of all living genera, these researchers are reporting epigenetic links between metabolic networks and genetic networks as if the…

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Exosomes and the RNA-mediated future of medicine (2)

September 11, 2015
James Kohl
Adaptations, Alternative Splicings, Diseases & Disorders, Ecology, Human Brain, Model Organisms, Neuronal Plasticity, RNA Directed, Variations
One Comment

GDNF-Transfected Macrophages Produce Potent Neuroprotective Effects in Parkinson’s Disease Mouse Model Excerpt: …genetically-modified macrophages released exosomes with incorporated GDNF that may facilitate GDNF transport into the target cells and preserve it against degradation. published 9/17/14 and reported on 9/11/15 as: Smart cells teach neurons damaged by Parkinson’s to heal themselves Excerpt: In addition to delivering GDNF, the engineered macrophages can “teach” neurons to make the protein for themselves by delivering both the tools and the instructions needed: DNA, messenger RNA…

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Exosomes and the RNA-mediated future of medicine

September 10, 2015
James Kohl
Adaptations, Ecology, Model Organisms, Nutrigenomics, Pharmacogenomics, RNA Directed, Variations
One Comment

The Exosome Is Recruited to RNA Substrates through Specific Adaptor Proteins Reported as: The exosome regulates the processing, degradation, and surveillance of a plethora of RNA species. Excerpt: …the exosome employs a general mechanism of recruitment to defined substrates and that this process is regulated through adaptor proteins. Journal article excerpt: (subscription required) The nuclear exosome processes precursors of numerous stable RNA species (Allmang et al., 1999) (rRNA, snoRNA, and snRNA) and degrades by-products of RNA processing reactions. Additionally, it…

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Multi-omic analysis features (SNPs, miRNA)

September 8, 2015
James Kohl
Adaptations, Alternative Splicings, Diseases & Disorders, Ecology, Model Organisms, Nutrigenomics, Pharmacogenomics, Physics, RNA Directed, Variations
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See also: Viral and Cellular Genomes Activate Distinct DNA Damage Responses Excerpt: Central to life is the faithful replication, inheritance, and maintenance of genomic DNA. The MRE11/RAD50/NBS1 (MRN) complex andATMplay a critical role in this biological mandate (Ciccia and Elledge, 2010). Cellular double-strand breaks (DSBs) are sensed by MRN and trigger the assembly of DNA damage response (DDR) foci that amplify global ATM signaling to induce cell-cycle arrest and DNA repair (Polo and Jackson, 2011). DNA viruses are an ancient…

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