Predictable idiosyncratic evolved convergence

By: James V. Kohl | Published on: October 23, 2016

Predictable convergence in hemoglobin function has unpredictable molecular underpinnings

Excerpt:

…predictable changes in biochemical phenotype do not have a predictable molecular basis.

My comment: Biochemical phenotypes are predicted at every level of examination that starts with hydrogen-atom energy transfer in DNA base pairs in solution, and at least two of these authors know that.

See: Epistasis Among Adaptive Mutations in Deer Mouse Hemoglobin June 14, 2013

Excerpt:

Fig. 2 Difference in the network of hydrogen bonds between high- and low-altitude Hb variants, HH-H and LL-L, respectively.

See: Nutrient-dependent/pheromone-controlled adaptive evolution: a model June 14, 2013

See: Mutation-Driven Evolution June 14, 2013

See for comparison: Nothing in Biology Makes Any Sense Except in the Light of Evolution (1973)

Excerpt:

…the so-called alpha chains of hemoglobin have identical sequences of amino acids in man and the chimpanzee, but they differ in a single amino acid (out of 141) in the gorilla (p. 127).”

See for comparison: New evolutionary finding: Species take different genetic paths to reach same trait

Excerpt:

It turns out that natural selection, a primary evolutionary process, can dependably produce similar, beneficial traits in different species. But at the molecular level, the evolutionary changes tend to be highly idiosyncratic, and are therefore far less predictable.

Excerpt:

“This is a new phenomenon that our findings have helped reveal,” Storz said. His team continues to explore historical influences on genetic adaptation.

My comment: Natural selection for energy-dependent codon optimality is a conserved process of polycombic ecological adaptation that links angstroms to ecosystems via hydrogen atom transfer in DNA base pairs in solution, autophagy, and the physiology of pheromone-controlled reproduction in species from microbes to mammals. The fact that Dobzhansky put natural selection for energy-dependent amino acid substitutions in the alpha chains of hemoglobin that differentiate primate species is removed from consideration in the context of this New evolutionary finding.

For comparison see: Updates of the HbVar database of human hemoglobin variants and thalassemia mutations

Excerpt:

Hemoglobinopathies are the commonest single-gene genetic disorders in humans, resulting from pathogenic genome variants in the human α-like and β-like globin gene clusters (reviewed in 1). Single nucleotide substitutions or indels [INsertions/DELetionS] can lead to several hemoglobin variants owing to amino acid replacements, while molecular defects in either regulatory or coding regions of the human HBA2, HBA1, HBB or HBD genes can minimally or drastically reduce their expression, leading to α-, β- or δ-thalassemia, respectively.

My comment: Given the number of hemoglobin variants among different populations of primates and ~1260 among different human populations, the claim that Predictable convergence in hemoglobin function has unpredictable molecular underpinnings represents the claim of those who are biologically uninformed, or those who are trying to hide facts about cell type differentiation that have been known to serious scientists since the time the Thomas Hunt Morgan won the 1933 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.

He linked chromosomes to transgenerational epigenetic inheritance of morphological and behavioral phenotypes before anyone knew what was required to link transgenerational epigenetic inheritance to all biodiversity via the physiology of reproduction.

See also: Estrogen receptor α polymorphism in a species with alternative behavioral phenotypes

Excerpt:

…our results illustrate a detailed chain of events linking a chromosomal rearrangement to changes in overt social behavior.

New evolutionary finding: Species take different genetic paths to reach same trait (revisited)

Excerpt:

“This is a new phenomenon that our findings have helped reveal,” Storz said. His team continues to explore historical influences on genetic adaptation.

My comment: It is not a new finding and they have revealed nothing. They have tried to put accurate representations of nutrient energy-dependent biologically-based cause and effect back into the ridiculous theories of evolution without considering the fact that the energy-dependent physiology of reproduction is controlled by pheromones in species from microbes to mammals. The nutrient-dependent RNA-mediated pheromone-controlled physiology of reproduction is the link from autophagy to fixation of amino acid substitutions in supercoiled DNA that link chromosomal rearrangements to viral latency in all cell types of all living genera.

 See also: Search Results for ‘hemoglobin’ 

For example: From “Blood Music” to Evolution 2.0

See also: Pitfalls of analysis of circulating miRNA: role of hematocrit

Excerpt:  

…erythrocytes are carriers of miRNA.

My comment: How else could nutrient energy-dependent RNA-mediated amino acid substitutions be linked from hemoglobin variants to all cell type differences in all birds and in all primates?

See also: Genome divergence and diversification within a geographic mosaic of coevolution

Abstract conclusion:

Our results further characterize a striking example of coevolution driving speciation within perhaps as little as 6000 years.

Excerpt from the conclusion:

Coevolution has often been invoked to explain patterns of macroevolutionary diversification (Ehrlich & Raven 1964; Thompson 2005; Jablonski 2008), and some components of coevolution have been documented in numerous natural populations (Thompson 1994, 2005). However, clear examples of reciprocal selection and adaptation driving speciation (the link between coevolution as a micro- and macroevolutionary process) are largely lacking (Althoff et al. 2014; Hembry et al. 2014).

My comment: The fact that “…clear examples of reciprocal selection and adaptation driving speciation (the link between coevolution as a micro- and macroevolutionary process) are largely lacking…” has not stopped Peter Berean or others like him from claiming that I must change the claims from my model to say that virus-driven energy theft causes some pathology, but not all pathology.


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