From base editing to RNA editing

By: James V. Kohl | Published on: October 27, 2017

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Base Editing Now Able to Convert Adenine-Thymine to Guanine-Cytosine

“Nature conveniently provides us with cytosine deaminase enzymes that operate on DNA,” Liu tells The Scientist.

The creation of quantized energy in sunlight links energy as information from electrons to ecosystems via the physiology of reproduction in all living genera. The claim that “Nature” provides us with cytosine deaminase enzymes makes it seem that the enzymes emerged and automagically evolved to become purposeful and meaningful in the context of ridiculous theories about mutation-driven evolution.
See for comparison: All about that base (video parody)
See also: RNA Editing Possible with CRISPR-Cas13

Introducing specific sequence changes into RNA molecules could allow researchers to answer questions about alternative splicing mechanisms, translation, and even editing, he says. “There’s a lot of scope.”

The entirety of that scope was addressed in the context of energy-dependent RNA-mediated cell type differentiation in our section on molecular epigenetics from this 1996 Hormones and Behavior review. From Fertilization to Adult Sexual Behavior
Small intranuclear proteins also participate in generating alternative splicing techniques of pre-mRNA and, by this mechanism, contribute to sexual differentiation in at least two species, Drosophila melanogaster and Caenorhabditis elegans (Adler and Hajduk, 1994; de Bono, Zarkower, and Hodgkin, 1995; Ge, Zuo, and Manley, 1991; Green, 1991; Parkhurst and Meneely, 1994; Wilkins, 1995; Wolfner, 1988). That similar proteins perform functions in humans suggests the possibility that some human sex differences may arise from alternative splicings of otherwise identical genes.
All biophysically constrained RNA-mediated energy-dependent cell type differentiation has since been linked from the pheromone-controlled physiology of reproduction to supercoiled DNA via the fixation of amino acid substitutions and chromosomal rearrangements.
The facts about the amino acid substitutions in the context of transgenerational epigenetic inheritance link electrons to ecosystems via the cryo-EM technology that won the 2017 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.
See: Chemists know (video parody)
See also:

Feedback loops link quantized energy as information to biophysically constrained RNA-mediated protein folding chemistry. Light induced energy-dependent changes link angstroms to ecosystems from classical physics to chemistry/chirality and to molecular epigenetics/autophagy. The National Microbiome Initiative links microbial quorum sensing to the physiology of reproduction via endogenous RNA interference and chromosomal rearrangements. The rearrangements link energy-dependent fixed amino acid substitutions to the Precision Medicine Initiative via genome wide inferences of natural selection. This detailed representation of energy-dependent natural selection for codon optimality links biologically- based cause and effect from G protein-coupled receptors to RNA-mediated amino acid substitutions and the functional structure of supercoiled DNA. Energy-dependent polycombic ecological adaptations are manifested in supercoiled DNA. Chromosomal inheritance links the adaptations from morphological phenotypes to healthy longevity via behavioral phenotypes. For contrast, virus-driven energy theft is the link from messenger RNA degradation to negative supercoiling, constraint breaking mutations, and hecatombic evolution. The viral hecatomb links transgenerational epigenetic inheritance from archaea to Zika virus-damaged DNA, which typically is repaired by endogenous RNA interference and fixation of RNA-mediated amino acid substitutions in organized genomes