From E. coli to monkeys and mankind: Theories vs models (2)

That fact separates the serious scientists from the pseudoscientists who have refused to examine other facts about biologically-based biophysically constrained protein folding chemistry. The facts start with the sun’s anti-entropic virucidal energy as information and the energy as information has been linked to all cell type differentiation by these researchers.

See: Mechanism of transmembrane signaling by sensor histidine kinases (5/18/17)

Reported as: Scientists investigate how the sense of smell works in bacteria

The helices of different monomers begin to move in different directions, like pistons. These “pistons” transmit the small change of 0.5-1 angstroms through the membrane, and their outer ends shift by approximately 2.5 angstroms in different directions. Inside the cell, in the HAMP domain, these shifts are converted into the rotation of two parts of NarQ relative to each other. Ultimately, the positions of the output helices change by as much as 7 angstroms, thus completing the signal transmission.

My summary of the signalling mechanism, which links subatomic particles to cell type differentiation in all living genera via the sense of smell in bacteria:

The active and inactive signaling states link energy-dependent changes from angstroms to ecosystems via slight variations at the nitrate-binding site. When the ion binds to the sensor, a change in 0.5-1 angstroms (approximately one fifth of the size of the ion itself) causes a change in the protein that links input from the sensor to a change in the output that varies by as much as 7 angstroms.

In the context of what is known about food energy-dependent pheromone-controlled quorum sensing in bacteria, the change in 0.5-1 angstroms can be linked from the changes in 7 angstroms to base pair changes and amino acid substitutions that stabilize the organized genomes of species from E. coli to primates in the context of all energy-dependent interactive ecosystems, which appear to have existed from the dawn of Creation.

For example, the link from energy-dependent changes in angstroms to ecosystems in all vertebrates is mentioned in the title of this published work: The zinc spark is an inorganic signature of human egg activation. 

The spark that links inorganic material to organic life was placed into the context of our 1996 Hormones and Behavior review of RNA-mediated cell type differentiation. See our section on molecular distance in: From Fertilization to Adult Sexual Behavior.

Molecular distance. As measured in centimorgans, human and other species’ male and female chromosomes, including the autosomes, tend to have different lengths in various segments. To some extent, this suggests a correlation with physical distance but instead the differing lengths are based upon rates of recombination; although sections of most female chromosomes are longer than their homologous counterparts in male chromosomes, in some segments of various chromosomes opposite length-difference occurs, with males having larger centimorgan values than females in those regions (Lawrence, Collins, Keats, Hulten, and Morton, 1993; Murray, Buetow, Weber, Ludwigsen, Scherpbier-Heddema, Manion, Quillen, Sheffield, Sunden, and Duyk, 1994; Straub, Speer, Luo, Rojas, Overhauser, Ott, and Gilliam, 1993). While ramifications of these centimorgan sexual dimorphisms are not yet clearly established, in recent years cis- and trans-acting factors contributing to these recombination length differences have been reported for a specific part of the murine major histocompatibility complex (MHC) (Shiroishi, Sagai, Hanzawa, Gotoh, and Moriwaki, 1991).

Simply put, the cited works linked energy-dependent changes from angstroms to ecosystems via the innate immune system of bacteria, which was linked to sex differences in chromosomes. Note the difference between our accurate representation of biophysically constrained energy-dependent chromosomal inheritance and the claims in: Sex chromosome evolution: historical insights and future perspectives